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Terraform🔗

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Infrastructure as Code (IaC) for cloud provisioning.

Installation🔗

# Using apt  
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install terraform  

# Manual install  
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/1.5.7/terraform_1.5.7_linux_amd64.zip  
unzip terraform_1.5.7_linux_amd64.zip && sudo mv terraform /usr/local/bin/

Commands🔗

Command Description
terraform init Initialize working directory
terraform plan Preview changes
terraform apply Apply configuration
terraform destroy Delete infrastructure
terraform state list List managed resources

Sample AWS EC2 Config🔗

Example main.tf

provider "aws" {  
  region = "us-west-2"  
}  

resource "aws_instance" "web" {  
  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"  
  instance_type = "t2.micro"  

  tags = {  
    Name = "Terraform-Web"  
  }  
}

State Management🔗

  • local state
terraform state pull > backup.tfstate
  • remote backend (s3)
terraform {  
  backend "s3" {  
    bucket = "my-tf-state"  
    key    = "prod/terraform.tfstate"  
    region = "us-east-1"  
  }  
}

Tips🔗

  • Variables
variable "region" {  
  default = "us-west-2"  
}
  • Workspaces
terraform workspace new dev
  • plan output
terraform plan -out=tfplan  
terraform apply tfplan

Security🔗

  1. Secret Management:

    data "aws_secretsmanager_secret" "db_pass" {  
  name = "prod/db"  
}

  2. Lock State: Use S3/DynamoDB for state locking.

Troubleshooting🔗

Issue Solution
"Provider not found" Run terraform init
"State locked" Manually remove .tfstate.lock
Plan/apply mismatch Use -refresh=false flag

Resources🔗